El papel del NEAZDP en la movilidad social de la pobreza en el estado de Yobe, Nigeria
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El estado de Yobe, en Nigeria, caracterizado por diferentes desafíos socioeconómicos como la variabilidad climática y la infraestructura deficiente, ofrece un contexto relevante para evaluar las estrategias de reducción de la pobreza. Este estudio analiza la efectividad del Programa de Desarrollo de la Zona Árida del Noreste (NEAZDP) como estrategia de mitigación de la pobreza, utilizando datos de una encuesta transversal realizada en 2023 a 322 hogares, seleccionados mediante una técnica de muestreo en varias etapas. La recolección de datos se efectuó mediante cuestionarios estructurados y entrevistas programadas. El análisis empleó tanto el índice de pobreza Foster-Greer Thorbecke (FGT) como el índice de pobreza multidimensional Alkire-Foster (MPI) para medir la pobreza. Los resultados revelan que el NEAZDP tuvo un impacto significativo en la reducción de la pobreza tanto unidimensional como multidimensional entre los participantes. La proporción de beneficiarios por debajo de la línea de pobreza disminuyó sustancialmente durante la ejecución del programa, aunque se observó un ligero incremento hacia su finalización. Además, los niveles de pobreza multidimensional entre los beneficiarios del NEAZDP fueron significativamente menores en comparación con los grupos de desbordamiento y de control, evidenciando mejoras en el acceso a la educación, la atención médica y las oportunidades de generación de ingresos. A pesar de estos avances, el estudio identificó desafíos en aspectos como el nivel de vida, el empoderamiento y la sostenibilidad ambiental. En conclusión, el NEAZDP ha logrado avances importantes en la mejora de las condiciones socioeconómicas y en la promoción de la movilidad social en el estado de Yobe. Sin embargo, para mantener su impacto, hay que implementar intervenciones continuas y específicas, así como una mejor integración de las políticas públicas. El fortalecimiento de estos aspectos puede garantizar el éxito a largo plazo de los esfuerzos de mitigación de la pobreza y fomentar un desarrollo inclusivo en toda la región.
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