Incidencia del capital circulante en la rentabilidad de las microempresas en Ecuador

Contenido principal del artículo

María Estefanía Sánchez-Pacheco
María del Carmen Valls-Martínez
Fernando José Zambrano-Farías

Resumen

La gestión del capital circulante de una empresa es de gran importancia en el escenario actual, especialmente por su incidenciaen la eficiencia operativa. La sostenibilidad empresarial solo puede ser alcanzada por las organizaciones que mantienen un equilibrio entre rentabilidad y liquidez. El propósito de esta investigación fue examinar su impacto en el rendimiento de las microempresas que realizan sus actividades comerciales al por mayor y menor en Ecuador. Para ello, se utilizaron datos secundarios procedentes de 1634 compañías inscritas en la Superintendencia de Compañías, Valores y Seguros correspondientes al año 2023. A través de una técnica estadística de predicción se pudo identificar los elementos del capital circulante que están asociados al rendimiento de las firmas seleccionadas. Los resultados muestran que variables como el apalancamiento, la edad de la empresa, la solidez patrimonial y rentabilidad operativa mantienen una relación positiva con la rentabilidad. En contraste, el periodo medio de cobranza y la rotación de activos no reflejaron efectos relevantes, mientras que una mayor rotación de clientes se asoció negativamente con el desempeño financiero. Estos hallazgos evidencian que una administración eficiente de los elementos que componen el capital circulante favorece no solo la rentabilidad, sino también la estabilidad y la creación de valor empresarial. En un entorno competitivo y con limitaciones de acceso al financiamiento, estas prácticas resultan determinantes para fortalecer la permanencia de las microempresas en la estructura empresarial ecuatoriana.

Detalles del artículo

Sección
Artículos destinados a la sección miscelánea
Biografía del autor/a

María Estefanía Sánchez-Pacheco, Universidad de Guayaquil / Tecnológico Superior Life College International

Profesora Investigadora, Máster en Dirección y Gestión Financiera, Licenciada en Negocios Internacionales

María del Carmen Valls-Martínez, Universidad de Almería

Profesora - Investigadora, Doctora en Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales

Fernando José Zambrano-Farías, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador UIDE / Universidad de Guayaquil

Profesor Investigador, Doctor en Ciencias Económicas, Empresariales y Jurídicas

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