Optimización de los factores de hidrólisis ácida para obtener glucosa de los residuos de banano, cacao, palma africana y bagazo de caña de azúcar
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La biomasa es una alternativa estudiada para proporcionar fuentes de energía que reemplacen a los combustibles fósiles. El objetivo de esta investigación es optimizar las condiciones de la reacción de hidrólisis ácida para la obtención de glucosa a partir de la biomasa procedente de los residuos de banano, cacao, bagazo de caña de azúcar y palma africana. Las condiciones fueron evaluadas a través de un diseño experimental 2k. Los factores estudiados fueron la temperatura, el tiempo y la concentración de ácido; los niveles mínimo y máximo corresponden a 70 a 120 ◦C, 20 a 150 min y 1% al 5% v/v, respectivamente. Además, se realizaron dos réplicas al centro. Las mejores condiciones encontradas para la obtención de glucosa fueron: 120 ◦C, 150 min y 1% de ácido sulfúrico. El bagazo de caña de azúcar y el raquis de palma africana fueron las biomasas de las que se obtuvo el mayor contenido de glucosa 9 936,48 y 7 745,14, respectivamente. Se discute la influencia de la composición de la biomasa en la cantidad de glucosa obtenida.
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