Aplicación de un Modelo de superficie de respuesta en el secado al sol y solar indirecto de uvas variedad moscatel de alejandria (Vitis vinífera)
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Resumen
Al aplicar la metodología de superficie de respuesta, se optimizó el secado al sol y solar indirecto de uvas Moscatel de Alejandría. Se midió la humedad inicial y a continuación se pretrataron las uvas mediante tratamiento termoquímico con bajas concentraciones de hidróxido sódico, temperatura y tiempo de inmersión. Las condiciones se establecieron mediante un diseño experimental de compuesto central rotacional, considerando: temperaturas, concentraciones y tiempos entre 55–95 ◦C, 0.5–3.0 % y 2–30 segundos, respectivamente. Para cada proceso se determinaron los tiempos de secado, considerando el contenido de humedad final del 20 % en base húmeda, así como la aceptación global del producto. Empleando ecuaciones polinómicas de orden cuadrático, se generaron superficies de respuesta para obtener un menor tiempo de secado y un valor máximo de aceptabilidad del producto, obteniéndose altos valores de coeficiente de determinación (R2 > 0.97) e interacciones significantes de las variables independientes (p < 0.001). El secado al sol y solar indirecto optimizó el pretratamiento a 80 ◦C, 1.75 % y 16 s, para la temperatura y concentración de la solución de hidróxido de sodio y tiempo de inmersión, para obtener tiempos de secado de 75 h y 50 h, respectivamente, con un alto grado de aceptabilidad global del producto y una puntuación superior a 8 puntos en la escala hedónica establecida. Se obtuvieron valores de difusividad efectiva del agua de 8.57 · 10−11 y 1.90 · 10−10 m2/s para el proceso de secado al sol y secado solar indirecto, respectivamente. En condiciones óptimas, el modelo matemático de Midilli y cols. (2002) es el que mejor simula la variación de la humedad frente al tiempo de secado de la uva Moscatel de Alejandría.
Detalles del artículo
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