Regionalización de la precipitación, su agresividad y concentración en la cuenca del río Guayas, Ecuador
Barra lateral del artículo
Publicado:
Aug 31, 2019
Palabras clave:
Guayas, concentración, precipitación, agresividad, erosividad, Ecuador
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
La agresividad de la lluvia contribuye a la erosividad del suelo en regiones de alta montaña, y por tal a la sedimentación en la parte baja de la cuenca. La reducción de incertidumbre acerca de la agresividad de la lluvia en regiones costeras y andinas contribuye a la formulación de medidas de mitigación que contribuyan a la reducción de erosión y pérdida de nutrientes. Este estudio presenta un análisis espacial y temporal de la agresividad climática en la cuenca del río Guayas ubicada en la costa y Andes ecuatoriales. Se seleccionó datos mensuales registrados de 30 estaciones pluviométricas para el periodo de 1968-2014. Se determinó zonas homogéneas de precipitación mediante el método k-means. Los resultados indicaron dos regiones homogeneas predominantes, la primera ubicada al oeste en la zona costera y andina (85.2% del área de la Cuenca), con un índice de agresividad alto y muy alto, mientras que la distribución de la precipitación en la segunda región (Alta montaña) resultó de muy baja a baja agresividad. La mayor agresividad potencial de la lluvia le corresponde una mayor acumulación de precipitación promedio anual, lo que indica una alta influencia estacional de las lluvias, i.e, una mayor cantidad de lluvia puede precipitar en un número reducido de meses consecutivos. Los valores de concentración revelan una gradiente regional en dirección este-oeste, que va de moderadamente a fuertemente estacional. El análisis de tendencias de la concentración de lluvia mensual no muestra cambios significativos en el periodo de estudio. No obstante, nuestros hallazgos explican el porqué la región oeste y sur de la cuenca del río Guayas está expuesta a problemas de sedimentación en la parte baja, producto de la capacidad erosiva de la lluvia en la parte alta y media de la cuenca.
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Artículo Científico
Universidad Politécnica Salesiana of Ecuador preserves the copyrights of the published works and will favor the reuse of the works. The works are published in the electronic edition of the journal under a Creative Commons Attribution/Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Ecuador license: works can be copied, used, disseminated, transmitted and publicly displayed.
The undersigned author partially transfers the copyrights of this work to Universidad Politécnica Salesiana of Ecuador for the printed edition.
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Foresti, L. and Pozdnoukhov, A. (2012) Exploration of alpine orographic precipitation patterns with radar image processing and clustering techniques: Exploration of alpine orographic precipitation patterns. Meteorological Applications 19, 407–419. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2yT7lt1
Fournier, F. (1960) Climat et erosion; la relation entre l’erosion du sol par l’eau et les precipitations atmospheriques. Paris: Presses universitaires de France.
Fries, A., Rollenbeck, R., Bayer, F., Gonzalez, V., Oñate-Valivieso, F., Peters, T., Bendix, J. (2014) Catchment precipitation processes in the San Francisco valley in southern Ecuador: combined approach using high-resolution radar images and in situ observations. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 126, 13–29. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2yXkPnL
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