Hacia la felicidad laboral: atender motivaciones y eliminar «temores digitales»
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Resumen
Considerando la motivación como integrante básico de la gestión de la felicidad en el trabajo, se analiza la valoración de determinados componentes de la misma en la era digital a partir del concepto de factor motivacional e higiénico de Herzberg. Se comprobará si existe alguna asociación entre el perfil sociodemográfico del trabajador y ciertos factores a “higienizar”. En una muestra de empresas de la Bahía de Algeciras (España), y mediante cuestionario, se recogen las opiniones de los trabajadores con respecto a dichos componentes. Se confirma que los factores motivacionales propuestos son altamente valorados. La falsedad de datos, el miedo a ser sustituidos en las tareas y la despersonalización del trabajo son las cuestiones más temidas, cuya ausencia hay que procurar. Se percibe, también, asociación de determinadas variables sociodemográficas del trabajador con el grado en que se manifiestan alguno de esos temores. La originalidad principal de este trabajo estriba en que se aportan y analizan factores, motivacionales e higiénicos de nueva aparición en lo laboral, que, como tales, habrán de ser gestionados.
Palabras Clave
Motivación, robotización laboral, Herzberg, gestión de la felicidad, satisfacción laboral, teorías de la motivación, temores en la era digital, empresa Motivation, robotization of jobs, Herzberg, happiness management, job satisfaction, motivation theories, fears at digital era, company
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Baptiste, N.R. (2007). Tightening the link between employee well-being at work and performance. Management Decision, 46(2), 284-309. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740810854168
Bashir, M., Saleem, A., & Ahmed, F. (2019). Akhuwat: Measuring Success for a Non-profit Organization. Asian Journal of Management Cases, 16(1), 100-112. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0972820119825973
Cech, P., Beranek, M., & Chromy, J. (2015). Job Satisfaction of Managers Working for Hotels And Hotel Chains in the Czech Republic. En: 26th International-Business-Information-Management-Association Conference, November, 11-12. Innovation Management and Sustainable Economic Competitive Advantage: from Regional Development to Global Growth Vols. I-V, pp. 668-676. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2Wyc55F
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Cropanzano, R., & Wright, T.A. (2001). When a "Happy" Worker Is Really a "Productive" Worker: A Review and Further Refinement of the Happy-Productive Worker Thesis. Psychology Journal Practice and Research, 53(3), 182-199. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/1061-4087.53.3.182
Emiroglu, O., Guneyli, A., & Burgul, N. S. (2017). Motivational Sources of Teachers in a Developing Country. Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala, 57, 51-66. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1923729164?accountid=32861
Escardibul, J.-O., & Afcha, S. (2017). Determinants of the job satisfaction of PhD holders: an analysis by gender, employment sector, and type of satisfaction in Spain. Higher Education, 74(5), 855-875. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-0081-1
Fisher, C. (2010) Happiness at work. International Journal of Management Review, 12(4), 384-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00270.x
Gaitan, I., Breton, D. C., Urbano, H. L. C., Mahecha, C., & Arteaga, M. (2015). Todo es cuestión de actitud. Gestión de la felicidad. Harvard Deusto Business Review, 6-17. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2WsYqrJ [Fecha de consulta: 30 de mayo de 2019].
Ghahremani Germi, N., Ghahremani Germi, M., & Delghavi, E. (2014). The effect of management factors and job satisfaction on human resources efficiency: A case study of paramedical employees of public hospitals in Ardabil. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 1(1), 18-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33844/mihs.2015.60247
González-Díaz, J., Ochoa-Dearco, E., & Cardona-Arbeláez, D. (2018). Modelo conceptual de Gerencia de la Felicidad. Orbis.Revista Científica Electrónica de Ciencias Humanas, 17-32. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2WsYxDA [Fecha de consulta: 20 de mayo de 2019].
Herzberg, F., B. Mausner, B. & Snyderman, B. B. (1959). The motivation to work. New York: Wiley.
Hosie, P.; Sharma, P., & Kingshott. R. P.J. (2019). Happy-performing managers thesis Testing the mediating role of job-related affective outcomes on the impact of role stressors on contextual performance. International Journal of Manpower, 40(2), 356-372. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-04-2018-0124
Jarupathirun, S. & De Gennaro, M. (2018). Factors of work satisfaction and their influence on employee turnover in Bangkok, Thailand. International Journal of Technology, 9(7), 1460-1468. https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v9i7.1650
Kang, J. H., Matusik, J. G., Kim, T. Y., & Phillips, J. M. (2016). Interactive effects of multiple organizational climates on employee innovative behavior in entrepreneurial firms: A cross-level investigation. Journal of Business Venturing, 31(6), 628-642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2016.08.002
Khoshnevis, H., & Tahmasebi, A. (2016). The Motivation System in a Governmental Organization. En McKenna, B., Ardabili, F. S., y Faghih, N. (Eds.), 3rd International Conference on New Challenges in Management and Business: Organization and Leadership, 2 May 2016, (pp. 212-218). Dubai, UAE. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.09.027
Koenes, A. (1996). Gestión y motivación del personal. Madrid, España: Ediciones Díaz de Santos.
Li, R.P., Rong, R., & Lu, T.J. (2004). Managing the relationship of technology and market in different stages of data service development. En 6th International Conference on Computer Communication (ICCC 2004), September 15-17. Beijing, Republic China.
López, J.P., & Fierro, I. (2015). Determinantes de la felicidad en los administradores: una investigación realizada en las farmacias del Grupo Difare en Ecuador. Universidad & Empresa, 17(29), 181-211. https://dx.doi.org/10.12804/rev.univ.empresa.29.2015.08
López, J. (2005). Motivación laboral y gestión de recursos humanos en la teoría de Frederick Herzberg. Rev Invest Fac Ciencias Administrativas UNMSM, Julio 2005, 25-36. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2Km346j [Fecha de consulta: 30 de abril de 2019].
Mamedov, Z. F.; Mineva, O. K.& Glinchevskiy, E. I. (2019). Innovative Approach to Human Capital Management under conditions of strong turbulence of Fourth Industrial Revolution. En Ibrahimov, M., Aleksic, A., y Dukic, D. (Eds.), 37th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development- Socio Economic Problems of Sustainable Development, febrero 14-15, (pp. 1518-1525). Baku, Azerbaijan. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2MFhqDC
Meyers, M.C., van Woerkon, M., & Bakker, A.B. (2013). The added value of the positive: a literature review of positive psychology interventions in organizations. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(5), 618-632. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2012.694689
Miraz, M., Excell, P.S., & Maaruf, A. (2016). User interface (UI) design issues for multilingual users: a case study. Universal Access in the Information Society, 15(3), 431-444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-014-0397-5
Moccia, S. (2016). Felicidad en el trabajo. Papeles del Psicólogo, 37(2), 143-151. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2R3Iond [Fecha de consulta: 30 de mayo de 2019].
Petersen, E., Wascher, M., & Kier, K. (2017). Analysis of pharmacy student motivators and deterrents for professional organization involvement. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 9(4), 543-550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2017.03.024
Price, S., & Reichert, C. (2017). The importance of continuing professional development to career satisfaction and patient care: meeting the needs of novice to mid-to late-career nurses throughout their career Span. Administrative Sciences, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci7020017
Quijano, S.D., & Navarro, J. (2012). La autoeficacia y la motivación en el trabajo. Apunt. Psicol, 30(1-3), 337-349. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2I5kWmA [Fecha de consulta: 15 de mayo de 2019].
Rahman, K.-U., Akhter, W., & Khan, S.U. (2017). Factors affecting employee job satisfaction: A comparative study of conventional and Islamic insurance. Cogent Business & Management, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2016.1273082
Ravina, R., Villena, F., & Gutiérrez, G. (2017). Una aproximación teórica para mejorar los resultados de innovación en las empresas desde la perspectiva del “Happiness Management. Retos. Revista de Ciencias de la Administración y Economía, 7(14), 113-129. http://dx.doi.org/10.17163/ret.n14.2017.06
Rizkallah, E. G., & Seitz, V. (2017). Understanding student motivation: a key to retention in higher education. Scientific Annals of Economics and Business, 64(1), 45-57. https://doi.org/10.1515/saeb-2017-0004
Robbins, S., & Judge, T. (2009). Comportamiento Organizacional. Decimotercera edición. México: Pearson Educación.
Romero-Rodríguez, L.M., Castillo-Abdul, B., & Ravina, R. (2019). Comunicación para la efectividad laboral y el Happiness Management: revisión crítico-analítica de la literatura. Revista Mundo Indess, 1(1), 17-27. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2EX2R8c [Fecha de consulta: 10 de mayo de 2019].
Shannon, E.A. (2017). Motivating the workforce: Beyond the 'two-factor' model. Journal of the Australian Healthcare & Hospitals Association, 43(1), 98-102. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH16279
Taipale, S., Selander, K., Anttila, T., & Nätti, J. (2011). Work engagement in eight European countries: the role of job demands, autonomy, and social support”. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 31(7-8), 486-504. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443331111149905
Torkaman, F., Farhang, S., Zakerian, S.A., et al. (2017). A study on the effect of job burnout and stress on job satisfaction among teachers of exceptional schools. Pharmacophore, 8(5), 18-24. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2F2vErU [Fecha de consulta: 24 de abril de 2019].
Verma, P., & Sharma, D. (2018). Quality of Work Life in Academics with reference to Motivational Theories. Pacific Business Review International, 11(4), 159-165. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2K4DkOB [Fecha de consulta: 10 de mayo de 2019].
Warrier, A. G., & Prasad, R. (2018). Motivators, Hygiene Factors and Job Satisfaction of Employees in IT Sector in India. En 7th International Conference on Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), September 19-22, pp. 477. Bangalore, India; IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACCI.2018.8554403
Zelenski, J.M., Murphy, S.A., & Jenkins, D.A. (2008). The Happy-Productive Worker Thesis Revisited. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(4), 521-537. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-008-9087-4
Aguayo, M., & Lora, E. (2007). Cómo hacer una regresión logística binaria “paso a paso”: análisis multivariante. Docuweb FABIS, Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2ZgksQ5 [Fecha de consulta: 14 de mayo de 2019].
Arslan, M., & Roudaki, J. (2019). Examining the role of employee engagement in the relationship between organisational cynicism and employee performance. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 39(1-2), 118-137. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-06-2018-0087
Baptiste, N.R. (2007). Tightening the link between employee well-being at work and performance. Management Decision, 46(2), 284-309. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740810854168
Bashir, M., Saleem, A., & Ahmed, F. (2019). Akhuwat: Measuring Success for a Non-profit Organization. Asian Journal of Management Cases, 16(1), 100-112. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0972820119825973
Cech, P., Beranek, M., & Chromy, J. (2015). Job Satisfaction of Managers Working for Hotels And Hotel Chains in the Czech Republic. En: 26th International-Business-Information-Management-Association Conference, November, 11-12. Innovation Management and Sustainable Economic Competitive Advantage: from Regional Development to Global Growth Vols. I-V, pp. 668-676. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2Wyc55F
Corbetta, P. (2010). Metodología y Técnicas de Investigación Social. Madrid, España: McGraw-Hill/Interamericana.
Cropanzano, R., & Wright, T.A. (2001). When a "Happy" Worker Is Really a "Productive" Worker: A Review and Further Refinement of the Happy-Productive Worker Thesis. Psychology Journal Practice and Research, 53(3), 182-199. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/1061-4087.53.3.182
Emiroglu, O., Guneyli, A., & Burgul, N. S. (2017). Motivational Sources of Teachers in a Developing Country. Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala, 57, 51-66. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1923729164?accountid=32861
Escardibul, J.-O., & Afcha, S. (2017). Determinants of the job satisfaction of PhD holders: an analysis by gender, employment sector, and type of satisfaction in Spain. Higher Education, 74(5), 855-875. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-0081-1
Fisher, C. (2010) Happiness at work. International Journal of Management Review, 12(4), 384-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00270.x
Gaitan, I., Breton, D. C., Urbano, H. L. C., Mahecha, C., & Arteaga, M. (2015). Todo es cuestión de actitud. Gestión de la felicidad. Harvard Deusto Business Review, 6-17. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2WsYqrJ [Fecha de consulta: 30 de mayo de 2019].
Ghahremani Germi, N., Ghahremani Germi, M., & Delghavi, E. (2014). The effect of management factors and job satisfaction on human resources efficiency: A case study of paramedical employees of public hospitals in Ardabil. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 1(1), 18-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33844/mihs.2015.60247
González-Díaz, J., Ochoa-Dearco, E., & Cardona-Arbeláez, D. (2018). Modelo conceptual de Gerencia de la Felicidad. Orbis.Revista Científica Electrónica de Ciencias Humanas, 17-32. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2WsYxDA [Fecha de consulta: 20 de mayo de 2019].
Herzberg, F., B. Mausner, B. & Snyderman, B. B. (1959). The motivation to work. New York: Wiley.
Hosie, P.; Sharma, P., & Kingshott. R. P.J. (2019). Happy-performing managers thesis Testing the mediating role of job-related affective outcomes on the impact of role stressors on contextual performance. International Journal of Manpower, 40(2), 356-372. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-04-2018-0124
Jarupathirun, S. & De Gennaro, M. (2018). Factors of work satisfaction and their influence on employee turnover in Bangkok, Thailand. International Journal of Technology, 9(7), 1460-1468. https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v9i7.1650
Kang, J. H., Matusik, J. G., Kim, T. Y., & Phillips, J. M. (2016). Interactive effects of multiple organizational climates on employee innovative behavior in entrepreneurial firms: A cross-level investigation. Journal of Business Venturing, 31(6), 628-642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2016.08.002
Khoshnevis, H., & Tahmasebi, A. (2016). The Motivation System in a Governmental Organization. En McKenna, B., Ardabili, F. S., y Faghih, N. (Eds.), 3rd International Conference on New Challenges in Management and Business: Organization and Leadership, 2 May 2016, (pp. 212-218). Dubai, UAE. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.09.027
Koenes, A. (1996). Gestión y motivación del personal. Madrid, España: Ediciones Díaz de Santos.
Li, R.P., Rong, R., & Lu, T.J. (2004). Managing the relationship of technology and market in different stages of data service development. En 6th International Conference on Computer Communication (ICCC 2004), September 15-17. Beijing, Republic China.
López, J.P., & Fierro, I. (2015). Determinantes de la felicidad en los administradores: una investigación realizada en las farmacias del Grupo Difare en Ecuador. Universidad & Empresa, 17(29), 181-211. https://dx.doi.org/10.12804/rev.univ.empresa.29.2015.08
López, J. (2005). Motivación laboral y gestión de recursos humanos en la teoría de Frederick Herzberg. Rev Invest Fac Ciencias Administrativas UNMSM, Julio 2005, 25-36. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2Km346j [Fecha de consulta: 30 de abril de 2019].
Mamedov, Z. F.; Mineva, O. K.& Glinchevskiy, E. I. (2019). Innovative Approach to Human Capital Management under conditions of strong turbulence of Fourth Industrial Revolution. En Ibrahimov, M., Aleksic, A., y Dukic, D. (Eds.), 37th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development- Socio Economic Problems of Sustainable Development, febrero 14-15, (pp. 1518-1525). Baku, Azerbaijan. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2MFhqDC
Meyers, M.C., van Woerkon, M., & Bakker, A.B. (2013). The added value of the positive: a literature review of positive psychology interventions in organizations. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(5), 618-632. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2012.694689
Miraz, M., Excell, P.S., & Maaruf, A. (2016). User interface (UI) design issues for multilingual users: a case study. Universal Access in the Information Society, 15(3), 431-444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-014-0397-5
Moccia, S. (2016). Felicidad en el trabajo. Papeles del Psicólogo, 37(2), 143-151. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2R3Iond [Fecha de consulta: 30 de mayo de 2019].
Petersen, E., Wascher, M., & Kier, K. (2017). Analysis of pharmacy student motivators and deterrents for professional organization involvement. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 9(4), 543-550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2017.03.024
Price, S., & Reichert, C. (2017). The importance of continuing professional development to career satisfaction and patient care: meeting the needs of novice to mid-to late-career nurses throughout their career Span. Administrative Sciences, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci7020017
Quijano, S.D., & Navarro, J. (2012). La autoeficacia y la motivación en el trabajo. Apunt. Psicol, 30(1-3), 337-349. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2I5kWmA [Fecha de consulta: 15 de mayo de 2019].
Rahman, K.-U., Akhter, W., & Khan, S.U. (2017). Factors affecting employee job satisfaction: A comparative study of conventional and Islamic insurance. Cogent Business & Management, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2016.1273082
Ravina, R., Villena, F., & Gutiérrez, G. (2017). Una aproximación teórica para mejorar los resultados de innovación en las empresas desde la perspectiva del “Happiness Management. Retos. Revista de Ciencias de la Administración y Economía, 7(14), 113-129. http://dx.doi.org/10.17163/ret.n14.2017.06
Rizkallah, E. G., & Seitz, V. (2017). Understanding student motivation: a key to retention in higher education. Scientific Annals of Economics and Business, 64(1), 45-57. https://doi.org/10.1515/saeb-2017-0004
Robbins, S., & Judge, T. (2009). Comportamiento Organizacional. Decimotercera edición. México: Pearson Educación.
Romero-Rodríguez, L.M., Castillo-Abdul, B., & Ravina, R. (2019). Comunicación para la efectividad laboral y el Happiness Management: revisión crítico-analítica de la literatura. Revista Mundo Indess, 1(1), 17-27. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2EX2R8c [Fecha de consulta: 10 de mayo de 2019].
Shannon, E.A. (2017). Motivating the workforce: Beyond the 'two-factor' model. Journal of the Australian Healthcare & Hospitals Association, 43(1), 98-102. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH16279
Taipale, S., Selander, K., Anttila, T., & Nätti, J. (2011). Work engagement in eight European countries: the role of job demands, autonomy, and social support”. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 31(7-8), 486-504. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443331111149905
Torkaman, F., Farhang, S., Zakerian, S.A., et al. (2017). A study on the effect of job burnout and stress on job satisfaction among teachers of exceptional schools. Pharmacophore, 8(5), 18-24. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2F2vErU [Fecha de consulta: 24 de abril de 2019].
Verma, P., & Sharma, D. (2018). Quality of Work Life in Academics with reference to Motivational Theories. Pacific Business Review International, 11(4), 159-165. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2K4DkOB [Fecha de consulta: 10 de mayo de 2019].
Warrier, A. G., & Prasad, R. (2018). Motivators, Hygiene Factors and Job Satisfaction of Employees in IT Sector in India. En 7th International Conference on Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), September 19-22, pp. 477. Bangalore, India; IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACCI.2018.8554403
Zelenski, J.M., Murphy, S.A., & Jenkins, D.A. (2008). The Happy-Productive Worker Thesis Revisited. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(4), 521-537. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-008-9087-4
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