Meta-análisis del efecto de la inclusión alimenticia de glutamina sobre el desempeño productivo en lechones
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
Palabras Clave
nutrition, diet, nutrients, amino acids, pigs nutrición, dieta, nutrientes, aminoácidos, cerdos
Citas
Abdulkarimi, R., Shahir, M. H. & Daneshyar, M. (2019). Effects of dietary glutamine and arginine supplementation on performance, intestinal morphology and ascites mortality in broiler chickens reared under cold environment. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 32(1), 110-117. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0150 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/38e5UWF
Andretta, I., Kipper, M., Lehnen, C. R., Demori, A. B., Remus, A. y Lovatto, P. A. (2012). Meta-analysis of the relationship between ractopamine and dietary lysine levels on carcass characteristics in pigs. Livestock Science, 143(1), 91-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.09.004 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2Ls5sKy
Apple, J. K., Rincker, P. J., McKeith, F. K., Carr, S. N., Armstrong, T. A. y Matzat, P. D. (2007). Meta-analysis of the ractopamine response in finishing swine. The Professional Animal Scientist, 23(3), 179-196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15232/S1080-7446(15)30964-5 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2OVJkdF
Bartell, S. M. & Batal, A. B. (2007). The effect of supplemental glutamine on growth performance, development of the gastrointestinal tract, and humoral immune response of broilers. Poultry Science, 86(9), 1940-1947. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/86.9.1940 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2qtmxwx
Bax, L 2016, MIX 2.0 - Professional software for meta-analysis in Excel. Version 2.0. BiostatXL. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2VckrhX
Borenstein, M, Hedges, LV, Higgins, JP & Rothstein, HR 2011, Introduction to meta-analysis, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2ZoqhvV
Boza, J. J., Moënnoz, D., Bournot, C. E., Blum, S., Zbinden, I., Finot, P. A., & Ballèvre, O. (2000) Role of glutamine on the de novo purine nucleotide synthesis in Caco-2 cells. European journal of nutrition, 39(1), 38-46. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2Iyrs6W
Campbell, J. M., Crenshaw, J. D. & Polo, J. (2013) The biological stress of early weaned piglets. Journal of animal science and biotechnology, 4(1), 19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-1891-4-19 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2Xt1EfN
Chamorro, S., De Blas, C., Grant, G., Badiola, I., Menoyo, D., & Carabaño, R. (2010) Effect of dietary supplementation with glutamine and a combination of glutamine-arginine on intestinal health in twenty-five-day-old weaned rabbits. Journal of animal science, 88(1), 170-180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-1698 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2Pjt5px
Cochran, W. G. (1954) The combination of estimates from different experiments. Biometrics, 10(1), 101-129. DOI: 10.2307/3001666 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2UO6QOc
Cromwell, G. L. (2002) Why and how antibiotics are used in swine production. Animal biotechnology, 13(1), 7-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1081/ABIO-120005767 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2UKuX0q
Curi, R., Newsholme, P., Procopio, J., Lagranha, C., Gorjão, R., & Pithon-Curi, T. C. (2007) Glutamine, gene expression, and cell function. Front Biosci, 12(1), 344-357. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2VZD4mu
de Abreu, M. L. T. D. U., Donzele, J. L. U., Saraiva, A. U., Oliveira, R. F. M. D. U., Fortes, E. I., & Graña, G. L. (2010) Glutamina, nucleotídeos e plasma suíno em rações para leitões desmamados. R. Bras. Zootec, 39(3), 520-525. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2IyrJX9
Domeneghini, C., Di Giancamillo, A., Savoini, G., Paratte, R., Bontempo, V., & Dell Orto, V. (2004) Structural patterns of swine ileal mucosa following L-glutamine and nucleotide administration during the weaning period. An histochemical and histometrical study. Histology and Histopathology, 19(1), 49-58. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2GxXIEY
Duttlinger, A. W., Kpodo, K. R., Lay, D. C., Richert, B. T., & Johnson, J. S. (2019) Replacing dietary antibiotics with 0.20% L-glutamine in swine nursery diets: Impact on health and productivity of pigs following weaning and transport. Journal of Animal Science. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz098 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2VXZTa3
Gloaguen, M., Le Floc'h, N., Corrent, E., Primot, Y. & Van Milgen, J. (2014). The use of free amino acids allows formulating very low crude protein diets for piglets. Journal of animal science, 92(2), 637-644. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-6514 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2s0Wzkk
Gresse, R., Chaucheyras-Durand, F., Fleury, M. A., Van de Wiele, T., Forano, E., & Blanquet-Diot, S. (2017) Gut microbiota dysbiosis in postweaning piglets: understanding the keys to health. Trends in microbiology, 25(10), 851-873. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2017.05.004 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2ISCqDF
Haynes, T. E., Li, P., Li, X., Shimotori, K., Sato, H., Flynn, N. E., & Wu, G. (2009) L-Glutamine or L-alanyl-L-glutamine prevents oxidant-or endotoxin-induced death of neonatal enterocytes. Amino acids, 37(1), 131-142. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2GnZXJI
He, J., Feng, G. D., Ao, X., Li, Y. F., Qian, H. X., Liu, J. B., & He, Z. Z. (2016) Effects of L-glutamine on growth performance, antioxidant ability, immunity and expression of genes related to intestinal health in weanling pigs. Livestock Science, 189, 102-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2016.05.009 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2Uv7ScU
Higgins, J. P. & Thompson, S. G. (2002) Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta?analysis. Statistics in medicine, 21(11), 1539-1558. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1186 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2UMynQq
Horio, Y., Osawa, S., Takagaki, K., Hishida, A., Furuta, T., & Ikuma, M. (2008) Glutamine supplementation increases Th1-cytokine responses in murine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. Cytokine, 44(1), 92-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2008.06.011 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2Vh7G5C
Hsu, C. B., Huang, H. J., Wang, C. H., Yen, H. T., & Yu, B. (2010) The effect of glutamine supplement on small intestinal morphology and xylose absorptive ability of weaned piglets. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(41), 7003-7008. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2PhX5Ss
Hung, Y. T., Hanson, A. R., Shurson, G. C. y Urriola, P. E. (2017). Peroxidized lipids reduce growth performance of poultry and swine: a meta-analysis. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 231, 47-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.06.013 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2rZU81q
Jazideh, F., Farhoomand, P., Daneshyar, M. & Najafi, G. (2014) The effects of dietary glutamine supplementation on growth performance and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens reared under hot conditions. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 38(3), 264-270. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2UuAUJT
Jiang, Z. Y., Sun, L. H., Lin, Y. C., Ma, X. Y., Zheng, C. T., Zhou, G. L., & Zou, S. T. (2009) Effects of dietary glycyl-glutamine on growth performance, small intestinal integrity, and immune responses of weaning piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Journal of Animal Science, 87(12), 4050-4056. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-1120 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2VWQhMB
Johnson, I. R., Ball, R. O., Baracos, V. E. & Field, C. J. (2006). Glutamine supplementation influences immune development in the newly weaned piglet. Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 30(12), 1191-1202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2006.03.003 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2reFe7E
Johnson, J. S. & Lay Jr, D. C. (2017) Evaluating the behavior, growth performance, immune parameters, and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets after simulated transport and heat stress when antibiotics are eliminated from the diet or replaced with L-glutamine. Journal of animal science, 95(1), 91-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2016.1070 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2XC9AeT
Kiefer, C. y Sanches, J. F. (2009). Metanálise dos níveis de ractopamina em dietas para suínos em terminação. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 38(6), 1037-1044. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2rjTADu
Lalles, J. P., Bosi, P., Smidt, H. & Stokes, C. R. (2007) Nutritional management of gut health in pigs around weaning. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 66(2), 260-268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665107005484 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2XvJTMY
Lee, D. N., Cheng, Y. H., Wu, F. Y., Sato, H., Shinzato, I., Chen, S. P., & Yen, H. T. (2003) Effect of dietary glutamine supplement on performance and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs. Asian-australasian journal of animal sciences, 16(12), 1770-1776. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2003.1770 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2XsS50f
Le Floc’h, N., Wessels, A., Corrent, E., Wu, G. & Bosi, P. (2018). The relevance of functional amino acids to support the health of growing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 245, 104-116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.09.007 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2Ppr7nO
Létourneau-Montminy, M. P., Jondreville, C., Sauvant, D. y Narcy, A. (2012). Meta-analysis of phosphorus utilization by growing pigs: effect of dietary phosphorus, calcium and exogenous phytase. Animal, 6(10), 1590-1600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731112000560 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/38i4BpR
Luquetti, B. C., Alarcon, M. F. F., Lunedo, R., Campos, D. M. B., Furlan, R. L., & Macari, M. (2016) Effects of glutamine on performance and intestinal mucosa morphometry of broiler chickens vaccinated against coccidiosis. Scientia Agricola, 73(4), 322-327. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-9016-2015-0114 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2VdafWw
Maiorka, A., Silva, A. V. F., Santin, E., Dahlke, F., Bruno, L. D. G., Boleli, I. C., & Trautenmuller, H. (2016) Effect of broiler breeder age and glutamine supplementation on the development of the intestinal mucosa of 7-day-old chicks. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola, 18(1), 17-22. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-635X1801017-022 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2VXMA9o
Manvailer, G. V., Kiefer, C., de Souza, K. M. R., Marçal, D. A., Paiva, L. L., Rodrigues, G. P., & Ozelame, A. M. (2015) Glutamine for broilers reared in hot environment. Archivos de Zootecnia, 64(248), 377-382. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2ILmcvK
Metzler-Zebeli, B. U., Trevisi, P., Prates, J. A., Tanghe, S., Bosi, P., Canibe, N. y Zebeli, Q. (2017). Assessing the effect of dietary inulin supplementation on gastrointestinal fermentation, digestibility and growth in pigs: A meta-analysis. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 233, 120-132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.05.010 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2sShs1E
Moeser, A. J., Pohl, C. S. & Rajput, M. (2017) Weaning stress and gastrointestinal barrier development: Implications for lifelong gut health in pigs. Animal Nutrition, 3(4), 313-321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2017.06.003 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2UMQgP3
Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M. & Stewart, L. A. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Systematic reviews, 4(1), 1-8. DOI: 10.1186/2046-4053-4-1. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2sN1Lso
Muro, E. M., Pelícia, V. C., Vercese, F., de Souza, I. M. G. P., Pimenta, G. E. M., Oliveira, R. S. D. S. G., & Sartori, J. R. (2015) Aditivos fitogênicos e glutamina mais ácido glutâmico na dieta de frangos desafiados com coccidiose. Agrarian, 8(29), 304-311. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2KSJVwV
Namroud, N. F., Shivazad, M., Zaghari, M., Madadgar, O., & Nourijelyani, K. (2017) Impact of dietary glutamine on amino acid digestibility values and intestinal morphometric parameters in neonate chicks. South African Journal of Animal Science, 47(4), 440-453. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v47i4.3 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2XBa5G3
Nascimento, G. M., Leandro, N. S. M., Café, M. B., Stringhini, J. H., Andrade, M. A., Martinez, K. L. D. A., & Mascarenhas, A. G. (2014) Performance and intestinal characteristics of broiler chicken fed diet with glutamine in the diet without anticoccidials agents. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 15(3), 637-648. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-99402014000300011 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2UuBg39
Nassiri Moghaddam, H. & Alizadeh-Ghamsari, A. H. (2013) Improved performance and small intestinal development of broiler chickens by dietary L-glutamine supplementation. Journal of applied animal research, 41(1), 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2012.738214 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2PqveQk
Olubodun, J. O., Zulkifli, I., Farjam, A. S., Hair-Bejo, M., & Kasim, A. (2015) Glutamine and glutamic acid supplementation enhances performance of broiler chickens under the hot and humid tropical condition. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 14(1), 3263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2015.3263 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2IyMYIo
Peng, X., Yan, H., You, Z., Wang, P., & Wang, S. (2004) Effects of enteral supplementation with glutamine granules on intestinal mucosal barrier function in severe burned patients. Burns, 30(2), 135-139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2003.09.032 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2zPWRf9
Peng, Y., Yu, K., Mu, C., Hang, S., Che, L. & Zhu, W. (2017). Progressive response of large intestinal bacterial community and fermentation to the stepwise decrease of dietary crude protein level in growing pigs. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 101(13), 5415-5426. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8285-6 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/34ZDZaO
Pluske, J. R., Turpin, D. L. & Kim, J. C. (2018) Gastrointestinal tract (gut) health in the young pig. Animal Nutrition, 4(2), 187-196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2017.12.004 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2XBHUXv
Remus, A., Peres, F. M., Hauschild, L., Andretta, I., Kipper, M., de Paula, G. J. y Pomar, C. (2015). Exploratory study on the utilization of different dietary methionine sources and methionine to lysine ratio for growing–finishing pigs. Livestock Science, 181, 96-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2015.10.006 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2YpVmPu
Rhoads, J. M. & Wu, G. (2009) Glutamine, arginine, and leucine signaling in the intestine. Amino acids, 37(1), 111-122. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2Iwvexo
Ribeiro Jr, V., Albino, L. F. T., Rostagno, H. S., Hannas, M. I., Ribeiro, C. L. N., Vieira, R. A., & da Silva, D. L. (2015) Effects of Dietary L-Glutamine or L-Glutamine Plus L-Glutamic Acid Supplementation Programs on the Performance and Breast Meat Yield Uniformity of 42-d-Old Broilers. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 17(SPE), 93-98. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-635XSPECIALISSUENutrition-PoultryFeedingAdditives093-098 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2Gp1yPi
Sakiyama, T., Musch, M. W., Ropeleski, M. J., Tsubouchi, H., & Chang, E. B. (2009) Glutamine increases autophagy under basal and stressed conditions in intestinal epithelial cells. Gastroenterology, 136(3), 924-932. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2008.12.002 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2IGV7Kl
Sales, J. (2011). A meta-analysis of the effects of dietary betaine supplementation on finishing performance and carcass characteristics of pigs. Animal feed science and technology, 165(1-2), 68-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.02.008 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2YmDGnW
Sauvant, D., Schmidely, P., Daudin, J. J. & St-Pierre, N. R. (2008) Meta-analyses of experimental data in animal nutrition. Animal, 2(8), 1203-1214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731108002280 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2VWK2IX
Shan, Y., Shan, A., Li, J. & Zhou, C. (2012) Dietary supplementation of arginine and glutamine enhances the growth and intestinal mucosa development of weaned piglets. Livestock Science, 150(1-3), 369-373. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2012.10.006 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2UJy4Wi
Smith, M. G., Jordan, D., Chapman, T. A., Chin, J. C., Barton, M. D., Do, T. N., & Trott, D. J. (2010) Antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene profiles in multi-drug resistant enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from pigs with post-weaning diarrhoea. Veterinary microbiology, 145(3-4), 299-307. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.04.004 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2IHZyEu
Solà-Oriol, D. & Gasa, J. (2017) Feeding strategies in pig production: Sows and their piglets. Animal feed Science and technology, 233, 34-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.07.018 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2GB3A0d
Spreeuwenberg, M. A. M., Verdonk, J. M. A. J., Gaskins, H. R. & Verstegen, M. W. A. (2001). Small intestine epithelial barrier function is compromised in pigs with low feed intake at weaning. The Journal of nutrition, 131(5), 1520-1527. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.5.1520 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2s0AX7G
Torres-Pitarch, A., Hermans, D., Manzanilla, E. G., Bindelle, J., Everaert, N., Beckers, Y. y Lawlor, P. G. (2017). Effect of feed enzymes on digestibility and growth in weaned pigs: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 233, 145-159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.04.024 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2DPa5KF
Torres-Pitarch, A., Manzanilla, E. G., Gardiner, G. E., O’Doherty, J. V. y Lawlor, P. G. (2019). Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of feed enzymes on growth and nutrient digestibility in grow-finisher pigs: Effect of enzyme type and cereal source. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 251, 153-165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.12.007 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2rbVRAU
Varley, MA & Wiseman, J 2001, The weaner pig: nutrition and management, CABI, New York. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2UuCwmV
Wang, B., Wu, G., Zhou, Z., Dai, Z., Sun, Y., Ji, Y., & Wu, Z. (2015) Glutamine and intestinal barrier function. Amino acids, 47(10), 2143-2154. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2VhbEeG
Wang, H., Zhang, C., Wu, G., Sun, Y., Wang, B., He, B., Wu, Z. (2014) Glutamine enhances tight junction protein expression and modulates corticotropin-releasing factor signaling in the jejunum of weanling piglets. The Journal of nutrition, 145(1), 25-31.DOI: https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.202515 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2Gyy5DO
Watford, M. (2015) Glutamine and glutamate: Nonessential or essential amino acids?. Animal Nutrition, 1(3), 119-122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2015.08.008 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2GpLxsA
Wijtten, P. J., van der Meulen, J. & Verstegen, M. W. (2011) Intestinal barrier function and absorption in pigs after weaning: a review. British Journal of Nutrition, 105(7), 967-981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510005660 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2KVfhTq
Wu, G. (2014). Dietary requirements of synthesizable amino acids by animals: a paradigm shift in protein nutrition. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 5(1), 34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-1891-5-34 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2OUFBgz
Wu, G., Bazer, F. W., Johnson, G. A., Knabe, D. A., Burghardt, R. C., Spencer, T. E., & Wang, J. J. 2011. Triennial Growth Symposium: important roles for L-glutamine in swine nutrition and production. Journal of Animal Science, 89(7), pp. 2017-2030. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3614 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2IxO8UN
Wu, G., Meier, S. A. & Knabe, D. A. (1996) Dietary glutamine supplementation prevents jejunal atrophy in weaned pigs. The Journal of nutrition, 126(10), 2578-2584. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/126.10.2578 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2vhplM6
Xiao, Y. P., Wu, T. X., Sun, J. M., Yang, L., Hong, Q. H., Chen, A. G., & Yang, C. M. (2012) Response to dietary L-glutamine supplementation in weaned piglets: a serum metabolomic comparison and hepatic metabolic regulation analysis. Journal of animal science, 90(12), 4421-4430. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012-5039 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2Gr0rPf
Xi, P., Jiang, Z., Zheng, C., Lin, Y., & Wu, G. (2011) Regulation of protein metabolism by glutamine: implications for nutrition and health. Front Biosci, 16(1), 578-597. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2Gqsled
Zeng, Z. K., Shurson, G. C. y Urriola, P. E. (2017). Prediction of the concentration of standardized ileal digestible amino acids and safety margins among sources of distillers dried grains with solubles for growing pigs: A meta-analysis approach. Animal feed science and technology, 231, 150-159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.07.010 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2sQ5vcF
Zhong, X., Li, W., Huang, X., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., Zhou, Y., & Wang, T. (2012) Effects of glutamine supplementation on the immune status in weaning piglets with intrauterine growth retardation. Archives of animal nutrition, 66(5), 347-356. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2012.683325 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2Iz0Z9d
Zhong, X., Zhang, X. H., Li, X. M., Zhou, Y. M., Li, W., Huang, X. X., & Wang, T. (2011) Intestinal growth and morphology is associated with the increase in heat shock protein 70 expression in weaning piglets through supplementation with glutamine. Journal of animal science, 89(11), 3634-3642. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3751 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2XCf3lV
Zhou, R. Y., Peng, J., Liu, Z. L. & Fang, Z. F. (2006) Effects of biocom as a replacement of glutamine on performance and blood biochemical indexes of early weaned piglets. Asian-australasian journal of animal sciences, 19(6), 872-876. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2006.872 Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2DpwbU6
Zou, X. T., Zheng, G. H., Fang, X. J. & Jiang, J. F. (2006) Effects of glutamine on growth performance of weanling piglets. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 51(10), 444-448. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2vkm3Y9